Cathode Definition and Identification Tips

The cathode is the electrode from which electrical current departs. The other electrode is named the anode. Keep in mind, the conventional definition of current describes the direction a positive electric charge moves, while most of the time electrons are true current carries. This can be confusing, so the mnenomic CCD for cathode current departs may help reinforce the definition. Usually, current departs in the direction opposite electron movement. The word cathode was coined in 1834 by William Whewell. It comes from the Greek word kathodos, which means way down or descent and refers to the setting sun. Michael Faraday had consulted Whewell for name ideas for a paper he was writing on electrolysis. Faraday explains electric current in an electrolytic cell moves through the electrolyte from East to West, or, which will strengthen to help the memory, that in which the sun appears to move. In an electrolytic cell, the current leaves the electrolyte on the west side (moving outward). Prior to this, Faraday had proposed the term exode, discarding dysiode, westode, and occiode. In Faradays time, the electron had not been discovered. In the modern era, one way to associate the name with current is to think of a cathode as the way down for electrons into a cell. Is the Cathode Positive or Negative? The polarity of the cathode with respect to the anode may be positive or negative. In an electrochemical cell, the  cathode is the electrode at which reduction occurs. Cations are attracted to the cathode. Generally, the cathode is the negative electrode in an electrolytic cell undergoing electrolysis or in a recharging battery. In a discharging battery or a galvanic cell, the cathode is the positive terminal. In this situation, positive ions move from the electrolyte toward the positive cathode, while electrons move inward toward the cathode. The movement of electrons towards the cathode (which carry a negative charge) means current departs from the cathode (positive charge). So, for the Daniell galvanic cell, the copper electrode is the cathode and the positive terminal. If current is reversed in a Daniell cell, an electrolytic cell is produced, and the copper electrode remains the positive terminal, yet becomes the anode. In a vacuum tube or cathode ray tube, the cathode is the negative terminal. This is where electrons enter the device and continue into the tube. A positive current flows out from the device. In a diode, the cathode is indicated by the pointed end of an arrow symbol. It is the negative terminal from which current flows. Even though current may flow in both directions through a diode, naming is always based on the direction in which current flows most easily. Mnemonics  to Remember the Cathode in Chemistry In addition to the CCD mnemonic, there are other mnemonics to help identify the cathode in chemistry: AnOx Red Cat stands for oxidation at the anode and reduction at the cathode.The words cathode and reduction both contain the letter c. Reduction occurs at the cathode.It may help to associate the cat in cation as acceptor and an in anion as donor. Related Terms In electrochemistry, the cathodic current describes the flow of electron from the cathode into solution. The anodic current is the flow of electrons from solution into the anode.

New Technology from 1945s to 2000 - 2151 Words

INTRODUCTION The post World War II era provided new opportunities for the people of United States to explore and develop new technologies which changed the United States dramatically; for example, a treatment for polio, space exploration, introduction to computer, advancement in weapons industry, auto industry, and color television etc. With all the technological advancements, how did technology change United States? The paper will discuss the technological changes that happened in each era since 1945s to 2000. The paper will give each decade’s most important technological inventions and changes; additionally, changes in people’s lives and what were positive or negatives impact in society, politics, and economy. The relentless parade of†¦show more content†¦This was the main technological change because the way American people spend money completely changed and the spending increased which gave boost to the economy for the coming decades. TECHNOLOGY IN THE FIFTIES (1950-1959) The 1950s or The Fifties was a decade that was full of events that gave new ideas and inventions. The decade was prosperous for the American people and entrepreneurs because the economy was booming. However, as the economy was booming still they were major conflicts associated with United States internally in the country and externally. For example, some of the biggest conflicts were the Cold War between the Soviet Union, clashes between communism and capitalism, Korean War, Red Scare (fear of communism) in United States. Still with all those conflicts, in United States the progress in science and technology was on peak. Arguably, the first greatest and most influential invention of the 20th century the Television publicly placed for sale in markets in 1940s had originally made real maturity in the 1950s. People started to buy large screen television sets because in the 40s there were only small television screens. In 1952, RCA introduced the CTC-1, the first color television to utilize the NTSC (National Television System Committee) video standard. The introductions were still too expensive for most people in that decade; therefore, black-and-whiteShow MoreRelatedEssay on Effects of Technology in the 1940’s739 Words   |  3 Pagesthings used today. The technology in the 1940’s had undergone many changes. Some of the changes in technology were that the first US jet plane was flown . Also, the first nuclear reactor and the first atomic bomb were created but both of these contributed to the death of hundreds of thousands of people. The first computer was invented. As were the Polaroid camera, which was the first instant camera, and the transistor, which helped advance video and television technologies. Penicillin became popularRead MoreBmw Swot Analysis975 Words   |  4 Pagesresigned, led by Austrian engineer Franz-Joseph Popp, who changed the name to Bavarian Motor Works. In the same year Max Frizz, the chief engineer designed the company s first aircraft engine and when the treaty of Versailles prohibited German companies from producing aircraft engines in 1919. Then BMW switched to making airbrakes to railway cars. Then in 1923, he developed the company s first motorcycle, R32 that held world speed records for motorcycle during most of the 1930 s. In 1928 the companyRead More Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb: By Jason Chamberlin Essay1415 Words   |  6 Pagesnow is. The nuclear technology that has been displayed, changed the way things work in times of war. This massive weapon first came into the public eye on August 6th, 1945, when the United Sates bombed Hiroshima. It was then later used in the bombing of Nagasaki on August 9th of that same year. Both of these bombs left extraordinary damage to the cities, and around 200,000 people died. This does not include the amount of people that died as a result of radiation from the bomb, both in AmericaRead MoreInformation Storage and Retrieval1290 Words   |  6 Pagesproblem (Mandhl, 2007). Information retrieval technology mostly used in universities and public library to help students or information users to access to books, journals and other information resources that they needed. It also applies at organizations which having large collection of documents or information. In â€Å"The Seven Ages of Information Retrieval† article written by Michael Lesk, mentions the idea of information retrieval starting popular in year 1945. However, the use of information retrievalRead MoreTe chnology Acceptance Model From Fishbein And Ajzens ( 1975 )1468 Words   |  6 Pages2.4. Technology Acceptance Model This model was adopted from Fishbein and Ajzen’s (1975) work that distinguished the attitude toward an object (Ao) and the attitude toward using an object (Ab). Ao is defined as an individual assessment of a certain attitude object while Ab is define as a personal evaluation to the action of using a particular attitude object. The model was introduced by Davis (1989) to assess the acceptance from employees toward electronic mail (e-mail) over typewriter. The e-mailRead MoreBeloved Poet, Shel Silverstein680 Words   |  3 Pagessuccessful creation. The books were amongst the most popular in the history of children’s literature. â€Å"His poems range from serious to wacky and many reflect clever word play and slightly off-color or bizarre humor†, the poetry was recognizable because it was different from all the other authors of his time. Silverstein was born during the Great Depression, which spanned from 1929 to 1942. In the year of his birth, the twentieth and twenty-first amendments were ratified. Soon after, in 1935, theRead MoreGlobalization : A Short History1720 Words   |  7 PagesJujen Osterhammel and Niels P. Petersson’s book Globalization: A Short History, they investigate what led to globalization. They discuss events in history starting from the 1800s to the cold war era and what events led to globalization. Osterhammel and Petersson describe every event in details that have led to the world we live in today. From there discussion, it is seen that Europe was a dominating continent with its allies scattered all around the world. Britain was once the most empowering countriesRead MoreThe Effects of the Cold War on the Russian Economy1340 Words   |  6 Pagesthe most common dates, with the start of the cold war in 1945. There were several reason and parties that caused the cold war to start. For example you could name the wests general fear of communism, and the soviet unions constant fear of being attacked. Now the question occurs, was the Cold War the ultimate reason that made the Russian economy develop the way it did, and furthermore cause severe poverty ? From my point of view the Cold War was the dominating fact inRead MoreContemporary Theory: Stratification Essay examples1245 Words   |  5 Pagesstatus (Bowles 2013; Kerbo 2000). Stratification sets up that all known societies past and present â€Å"distribute its scarce and demanded goods and services unequally† (Grusky, Ku, and Szelenyi 2008; Tumin 1953). Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore (1945) establish a main function of stratification; which can be explained by the â€Å"requirement faced by any society of placing and motivating individuals in social structure[s]† (242). Through this, the basis of stratification arises from the fundamental works ofRead MoreThe Development of Computers Essay1473 Words   |  6 PagesTHE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS 1945-2013 What is machine before year 1935, it was an individual who do the number juggling estimations. Between year of 1935- 1945, definition alluded to machine, as opposed to an individual. The machine is focused around von Neumanns idea where gadget can accessto information, forms information, saves information, and produces output.it has experienced from vacuum tube to transistor, to the microchip.microchip starts conversing with modem. Nowdays we trade content

Fear of the gmo Essay Example For Students

Fear of the gmo Essay Fear Of The Unknown GMO Products Parents and children today may have no memory of the dreaded disease called polio, which struck both young and old by the score from the 1930s to the 1950s. School children and parents were as frightened of polio as they were of nuclear bomb attacks on the United States. When the polio vaccine was finally discovered, people all over America were inoculated. Still, there were scores of people who did not trust doctors, did not like the use of needles and some who even feared that the vaccine would give their child polio. Anti-vaccine propaganda and rumors were spread to the public. Some of the unvaccinated number continued to contract the crippling and deadly disease. But occurrence of polio is almost, or totally, nonexistent in the United States today, thanks to the success of this cure and the backing of the U.S. Government. The point of this bit of history is to show the side of human nature that fears the unknown. Take GMO, Genetically Modified Organisms, for example. Fear of commodities such as soybeans, wheat and corn grown from GMO seed, has sent shockwaves through Europe and brought increasing concern right to our front door, the place where the miraculous seed was developed. Current public concern is the result of a wide-ranging, well-financed propaganda campaign of negatives negatives intended to strike fear in the hearts of countless consumers over there and now, over here. Government agricultural agencies of various European countries, particularly Britain and France, have spread fear of GMO crops throughout the world for one reason in particular money. GMO seemed a great way to build trade barriers to U.S. imports and help European agriculture and agribusiness to sell more of their products at home and abroad. European consumers continue to question the reliability of food safety and oversight provided by food ministry departments in various European countries. Their fear is based on real experiences that happened in the last decade. Contaminated beef, originating in Britain and exported to other EU countries, resulted in human fatalities. Blame was placed squarely on the shoulders of government scientists and food safety experts. (Lack of trust continues today.) In truth, people have been eating products made with GMO commodities for several years now with no ill effects. Years of testing went into the development of GMO seed, which allows farmers to use fewer pesticides and herbicides on crops, and so increase net income. For consumers who remain unsure about the safety of crop protection chemicals, eating GMO foods should actually be reassuring news about the safety of the U.S. food supply. The list of endorsements and approval of GMO foods goes all the way up to the Commander in Chief, President Bill Clinton. The President recently proposed greater government oversight of GMO food production and manufacturing, in hopes of increasing consumer confidence in the safety of these foods. NC Governor Jim Hunt, concerned that public opposition to GMO could affect farmers in this state, recently joined with governors representing a dozen other states. They vowed to quell the rumor brigade of untruths and help reassure the public of the benefits of these foods. Before GMO seed ever reached the farmer, it had been approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has carefully studied all scientific data related to Genetically Modified Organisms. Interesting note according to the American Farm Bureau, it has been learned that one of the most vocal opponents of GMO products, the French Government, has been growing GMO test plots of various crops all over the country! True agricultural scientists, whether American or French, apparently know a good thing when they see it. The American public can receive no greater seal of approval than has already been given by the United States Government. .u670227487ff36c38061d65b2ccb63207 , .u670227487ff36c38061d65b2ccb63207 .postImageUrl , .u670227487ff36c38061d65b2ccb63207 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u670227487ff36c38061d65b2ccb63207 , .u670227487ff36c38061d65b2ccb63207:hover , .u670227487ff36c38061d65b2ccb63207:visited , .u670227487ff36c38061d65b2ccb63207:active { border:0!important; } .u670227487ff36c38061d65b2ccb63207 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u670227487ff36c38061d65b2ccb63207 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u670227487ff36c38061d65b2ccb63207:active , .u670227487ff36c38061d65b2ccb63207:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u670227487ff36c38061d65b2ccb63207 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u670227487ff36c38061d65b2ccb63207 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u670227487ff36c38061d65b2ccb63207 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u670227487ff36c38061d65b2ccb63207 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u670227487ff36c38061d65b2ccb63207:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u670227487ff36c38061d65b2ccb63207 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u670227487ff36c38061d65b2ccb63207 .u670227487ff36c38061d65b2ccb63207-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u670227487ff36c38061d65b2ccb63207:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Cystic Fibrosis Gene Essay Research Paper And, when competing nations learn how to grow and compete with GMO commodities, you will hear little more about the controversy. GMO-grown commodities will become the world standard for food-exporting countries and public fear of this unknown will disappear, and turn to trust. .

Tragedy Of Hamlet Essays - Characters In Hamlet,

Tragedy Of Hamlet Revenge. Revenge causes one to act blindly through anger, rather than through reason. It is based on the principle of an eye for an eye, but this principle is not always an intelligent theory to live by. Young Fortinbras, Laertes, and Hamlet were all looking to avenge the deaths of their fathers. They all acted on emotion, and this led to the downfall of two, and the rise to power of one. Since the Heads of the three major families were each murdered, the eldest sons of these families swore vengeance, and two of the three sons died while exacting their acts of vengeance, revenge is a major theme in the Tragedy of Hamlet. There were three major families in the Tragedy of Hamlet. These were the family of King Fortinbras, the family of Polonius, and the family of King Hamlet. The heads of each of these families are all slaughtered within the play. Fortinbras, King of Norway, was killed by King Hamlet; slain by sword during a man to man battle. our valiant Hamlet-for so this side of our known world esteem'd him-did slay this Fortinbras. This entitled King Hamlet to the land that was possessed by Fortinbras because it was written in a seal'd compact. Polonius was an advisor to the King, and father to Laertes and Ophelia. He was nosy and arrogant, and he did not trust his children. He was killed by Young Hamlet while he was eves dropping on a conversation between Hamlet and his mother. How now! A rat? Dead, for a ducat, dead! King Hamlet was the King of Denmark, and Hamlet's father. He had killed King Fortinbras, only to be killed by his brother, Claudius. My offense is rank, it smells to heaven; A brother's murder Each of these events effected the sons of the deceased in the same way, it enraged them. Every one of the three eldest sons had one thing in common, they all wanted revenge for a slaughtered father. In the time in which this play is set, avenging the murder of a father was part of one's honor, and had to be done. All of the three sons swore vengeance, and then acted towards getting revenge for the deaths of their fathers. Young Fortinbras was deeply enraged by the death of his father, and he wanted revenge against Denmark because of this occurrence. Fortinbras wanted to, by force, regain the lands that had been lost by his father to Denmark. Now sir, young Fortinbrasas it doth well appear unto our state-but to recover of us, by strong hand and terms compulsative, those foresaid lands so by his father lost Claudius sends messengers to talk to Fortinbras' uncle, the new King of Norway. He forbid Fortinbras to attack Denmark, and instead convinced him to attack the Poles to vent his anger. His nephew's levies, which to him appear'd to be a preparation 'gainst the Polack; But better look'd into, he truly found it was against your highnessOn Fortinbras; which he, in brief, obeys, receives rebuke from Norway, and, in fine, makes vow before his uncle never more to give the assay of arms against your majesty. Laertes found out about his father's death, and immediately returned home. He confronted the King and accused him of the murder of his father. Claudius told Laertes that Hamlet was responsible for his father's death. He then decides to kill Hamlet to avenge the death of his father. He and Claudius concoct a plot to kill Hamlet. Hamlet dies of wounds from the poisoned tipped sword Laertes used. Hamlet, thou art slainThe treacherous instrument is in thy, unbated and envenom'd Hamlet was deeply sorrowed by his father's death. He spoke to a ghost, and this ghost stated that his father's death was a murder, by the hand of his uncle, Claudius. The serpent that did sting thy father's life now wears his crown. Hamlet was astonished, and then swore vengeance for his father's death. He then proceeded to try and prove his uncle's guilt, and then finally kills him while he himself is dying of poisoned wounds inflicted by Laertes during their duel. The point envenomed too! Then venom, to thy workHere, thou incestuous, murderous, damned Dane, drink off this potion,-is thy union here? Follow my mother. This left the King dead, and his father's death avenged. The lack of thought used in exacting the revenge led to the deaths of both Laertes and Hamlet. Laertes planned with Claudius to kill Hamlet with the poisoned tipped sword, but